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Adult loss of brain volume may be linked to lead exposure during childhood, according to the May PLoS Medicine.

Children who have severe problems with bed wetting may sleep more lightly due to higher brain arousability but cannot completely awaken, and have an overactive bladder, according to a report in the May 29 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

New research shows that children may benefit from ten times the recommended daily allowance of vitamin D.

The proportion of U.S. children with a high body mass index did not change significantly between 1999 and 2006, according to an article published in the May 28 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Coxsackievirus B1 is increasingly associated with severe enterovirus infections in neonates, according to a report published in the May 23 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

An analysis of 21 studies about fruit juice consumption in children found there was no link between overweight status and drinking fruit juice.

Because food colorings and preservatives can increase hyperactive behavior in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, pediatricians should consider recommending the elimination of these substances from the diets of some children, according to an editorial published in the May 24 issue of BMJ.

In patients with Ewing's sarcoma, a chemotherapy regimen administered every two weeks produces better outcomes than a regimen administered every three weeks, and is not associated with increased toxicity, according to an early release on research to be presented May 30-June 3 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in very young children can predict adverse cardiovascular effects later in life, according to findings presented at the American Thoracic Society's 2008 International Conference in Toronto.

Survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer are up to 10 times as likely as their healthy siblings to develop heart disease in early adulthood, according to an early release on research to be presented May 30-June 3 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago.

Lower-income children make nearly twice as many emergency department visits as higher-income children, according to a report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

The National Institutes of Health has launched a new clinical research program to learn more about perplexing medical cases and provide better disease management for individuals with such conditions, according to an announcement this week.

In a study of nearly 7 million live births, researchers have found that preterm babies are more than twice as likely to have major birth defects as full-term babies.

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The American College of Physicians proposes that an independent organization be established to provide reliable information to patients and providers on the comparative clinical and cost effectiveness of various medical interventions, according to a position paper published in the June 17 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Minimally invasive per-oral suturing may benefit obese adolescents, and supplementation with probiotics may benefit patients who undergo gastric bypass surgery, according to advancements in obesity research presented this week at the Digestive Disease Week conference in San Diego.

Maternal stress can lead to high allergy responses in their infants, even if they had little allergen exposure, according to research presented at the American Thoracic Society's International Conference in Toronto, Canada. In a related study presented at the same meeting, first-born children carrying a genetic variant are more likely to have higher allergy responses.

The majority of stomach infections caused by rotavirus occur in children younger than 2, according to European research.

Compared with donors in other age groups, teen blood donors have a higher incidence of adverse reactions to donation, researchers report in the May 21 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Sons born to mothers with high serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are significantly more likely to have congenital urologic anomalies, according to research presented this week at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urological Association in Orlando, Fla.

The immune system of babies may be negatively impacted if their mothers are stressed during pregnancy, according to findings presented at the 2008 American Thoracic Society International Conference in Toronto.

Infants and toddlers whose mothers are severely depressed may be nearly three times as likely to have accidental injuries than children whose mothers are moderately depressed.

The United States faces a looming shortage of primary care physicians to meet the health care needs of the aging population, according to a panel discussion May 16 at the American College of Physicians' Annual Scientific Meeting in Washington, D.C.

Individuals with type 1 diabetes who undergo islet cell transplant have near-normalization of metabolic control and fewer episodes of hypoglycemia, according to research presented this week at the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) 17th Annual Meeting & Clinical Congress held in Orlando, Fla.

In contrast to Health Canada's recent consideration of a ban on baby bottles that contain the chemical bisphenol-A (BPA), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) claimed that current BPA levels do not pose a safety risk to humans.

The stigma of mental illness among physicians is preventing the profession from facing the fact that the suicide rate among physicians is higher than that of the general population, according to an article published in the May/June issue of the Annals of Family Medicine.

Patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can be safely and effectively treated with etanercept for up to eight years, according to the results of a study published in the May issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism.

Although most parents require that their children receive only medication approved by the FDA, few parents want their kids to participate in new drug research.

Using physicians' offices as the venue to promote judicious use of antibiotics is an effective way to get the information into the right hands, but a multi-pronged approach may be more effective at getting doctors to take a more judicious approach to over-prescribing, according to an article published in the May/June issue of the Annals of Family Medicine.

Deletion of a small chromosomal region in mice equivalent to the 22q11.2 deletion in humans, which is associated with behavioral and cognitive defects and an increased risk of schizophrenia, is associated with defects in the processing of microRNAs and cognitive and behavioral deficits, according to research published online May 11 in Nature Genetics.