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The number of children in the United States was 74.2 million in 2010 and is expected to reach 88 million by 2030, according to a recent government report. The market is not only growing, but changing, which may present new challenges for pediatricians in understanding cultural differences and even the language spoken by parents. See the stats on what to expect.

New, groundbreaking studies are finding links between development of autism spectrum disorder and environmental influences in the womb, during the birth process, and possibly after. Here's a list of potential and neonatal factors that may be associated with autism risk.

Imagine if you had a quick and easy way to prove to a parent that their child?s illness was viral not bacterial, and that an antibiotic was not necessary. That day may be coming sooner than you think. Israel researchers have developed such a test that is time-saving, easy to perform and may soon be commercially available.

Photoclinic section editor CFP

Preschool-aged children who watched violent daytime television programming or any television before bedtime often couldn?t sleep at night, and their sleep problems increased with each additional hour of nighttime media viewing.

Aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone appear to increase body fat and change insulin sensitivity in children being treated for disruptive behavior disorders, according to new research presented at the meeting of the American Diabetes Association meeting in San Diego.

Young people with type 1 diabetes have thicker and stiffer carotid arteries that indicate atherosclerosis, a risk factor for heart attack and stroke in adults, data from a recent study indicate.

Uncontrolled Asthma : When to step up therapy Dog bites and PTSD : Helping wounded children cope Point-of-care testing : What's right for your practice? Dermcase : A baby with giant freckles? Puzzler : Infant has respiratory distress and weak cry

Using a nontoxic, glowing, hand-washing gel appears to be an effective way to improve children?s hand-washing ability.

Treatment with fluticasone furoate nasal spray reduces interleukin (IL)-6, a proinflammatory cytokine, in the adenoid tissues of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, according to a study in the Archives of Otolaryngology?Head and Neck Surgery.

Findings of a large retrospective cohort study support the use of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in children.

Early findings from a long-running US study of preterm infants suggest that babies born prematurely face a greater risk of heart and health problems as adults.

For an adult to appreciate the experience of a child bitten by a dog, especially if it is at the shoulders or higher, imagine being attacked by an angry, opened-mouthed, growling bear near your face. Your immediate shock and emotional overload would be similar to that of a dog-bitten child. There is, however, one striking, important difference.

Self-induced vomiting is a frequent practice among adolescents trying to lose weight, according to a new study.

Many years ago, it was customary for pediatricians to maintain a small office clinical lab that included a hematocrit spinner as well as an incubator used for throat and urine cultures.

Incorporating a concise asthma decision-making tool into medical records consistently improved documentation of key asthma indicators during pediatric primary care visits, a new study shows.

Toddlers identified as "late talkers" have no increase in psychosocial problems compared with other children during childhood or adolescence, as long as they don't have comorbid behavior problems, according to Australian investigators.

Research is indicating that fetal alcohol spectrum disorders may be far more prevalent than previously realized, according to a spokesperson on behalf of NIAAA.

A new clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American College of Physicians outlines the steps that must be taken to facilitate transition from pediatric to adult medical care for patients with and without special health needs.

Only about 12% of high school students meet the goals for Aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities set by the Healthy People 2020 initiative, CDC researchers report.

Despite an increased use of formal screening tools to identify developmental delays in young children, a recent survey reveals that about half of pediatricians do not use them routinely.

A 4-month-old girl has 6 days of worsening cough and increasing irritability with poor oral intake.

A prospective study described the uropathogen frequencies and antimicrobial resistance rates of first UTI in 209 children who were diagnosed at the ED of a Belgian hospital.

To help establish utility of surrogate markers of serious bacterial infection in the post-pneumococcal vaccination era, investigators compared the diagnostic properties of these markers and clinical evaluation for detecting SBIs.

Although great progress has been made in the United States with regard to bacterial meningitis in efforts to prevent such infecitons, children remain at risk.

Vaccination against rotavirus, a major cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in children, dramatically decreased hospitalization rates for the infection among infants in 3 US counties, according to a new study.

A hypoxemic, 2-month-old boy has respiratory synctial virus bronchiolitis. As you're listening to his wheezing chest during the emergency department visit, his mother asks about the "big freckles" on his scalp and forehead that have been present since birth.

We must realize, as physicians, that learning the "art of medicine" goes hand-in-hand with learning the art of communication.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway edema, and inflammation leading to reversible airflow obstruction.