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This baby boy was born with bilateral medial colobomas of the upper eyelids without tarsal plates and bilateral accessory tragi. Radiographs showed no vertebral anomalies, and no other physical abnormalities were evident.

A MOTHER ASKS: “In the past month, I’ve used a pharmacist- recommended anti-lice shampoo 4 times and my daughter still has lice. Can you call in a prescription to get rid of them?”

A 7-year-old girl presented with pain and discomfort in the left leg that was exacerbated by physical activity. She had been born with a port-wine stain on the left knee. As her mobility increased, she occasionally complained of discomfort in the left leg. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) was diagnosed at age 3 years after an evaluation for swelling, discoloration, and pain of the left leg. Magnetic resonance angiography and venography had revealed abnormally dilated, tortuous veins in the subcutaneous tissues from the distal thigh to the posterolateral calf with involvement of the proximal anterior tibial muscle. The parents had elected for conservative management with observation.

Although at present there is no cure for type 1 diabetes mellitus, good treatments are available that can enable affected children to lead healthy, active lives. Insulin regimens should be designed to optimize metabolic control while minimizing the risk of adverse events, such as hypoglycemic episodes, which can be more serious in children. Regimens of 3 in- jections per day work well for children who cannot receive an injection at lunchtime, while multiple daily injection (MDI) regimens provide more flexibility. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) can provide better quality of life than MDI regimens, but CSII requires a high level of motivation and carries its own risks. In all children, insulin regimens must be adjusted to accommodate the physiological changes of growth and development. Long-term follow-up is important to monitor for complications of diabetes.

A 6-year-old boy presents with tall stature (97th percentile for age), motor delays (walking at 16 months), speech delays (expressive vocabulary of 30 to 40 words with recent use of 2-word phrases), and behavioral differences (poor eye contact, lack of pointing, hyperactive behavior with hand-flapping).

A 3-month-old African American boy was referred for evaluation of poor weight gain and vomiting. The infant had been evaluated by his primary care physician 15 times within the past 6 weeks; he had no change in symptoms despite various treatments.

I appreciated Dr Kirk Barber's excellent illustration of a branchial cleft sinus ("Dermclinic," CONSULTANT FOR PEDIATRICIANS, November 2009, page 389).

Selective IgA deficiency (SIGAD) is the most common immunodeficiency disorder; it affects about 1 in 200 to 900 persons. Most affected children are asymptomatic.

Parental vaccine refusal : Helping patients separate fact from fiction Puzzler : Hypotonic baby with failure to thrive Dermcase : Leathery skin, impaired hearing Supporting kids when a parent has cancer

One of the most common telephone calls pediatricians receive is the one concerning the crying infant.

A mother in your practice, whose newborn is being treated at a community hospital where you do not have privileges, calls you with concerns. Three weeks previously, the mother had delivered her full-term baby at home after less than 20 minutes of labor. The mother kept the baby wrapped in clean towels until the local EMS arrived. The paramedics found the baby to be acrocyanotic but alert and crying.

A significant number of patients with cancer are parents of children under 18 years of age.

Childhood immunizations are one of the most successful public health interventions of all time.

Popular household name drugs, including Tylenol, Motrin, and St. Joseph's Aspirin, were recalled by New Brunswick, New Jersey-based Johnson & Johnson in mid-January because of a moldy smell associated with the drugs.

Children who get cochlear implants in both ears eventually can manage the loudness and pitch of their voices, according to a new study.

Investigators at a hospital in Alberta, Canada, planned to determine the effect of immunoglobulin A endomysial antibody (IgA-EMA) testing on the incidence and clinical presentation of childhood celiac disease.

An analysis of data from the National Infant Sleep Position Study, an annual national telephone survey of about 1,000 caretakers of infants aged up to 7 months, shows that from 1993 to 2001, supine sleep increased for all infants.

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have failures in certain brain connections that occur when children attempt tasks requiring their attention.

Sleep issues may be more prevalent in children who have asthma and who also have exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), according to new journal research.

When the medical diagnosis of "concussion" is given to explain injuries in children, it may be misleading to parents and physicians, causing them not to realize the potential severity of brain injuries in children, according to a study published in Pediatrics.

High lipid levels may be a common theme among 20% of US children and teenagers, as reflected by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, or high triglycerides, according to the CDC.

A recent study suggests that a child's risk for arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) or cerebral sinovenous thromboembolism (CSVT) is related to endogenous testosterone concentrations.

More young children between the ages of 2 and 5 years are being diagnosed with bipolar disorder and receiving antipsychotic drugs compared with 10 years ago.

An editorial that examines the link between receipt of the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and the development of autism, in the wake of a recent journal retraction.

Novartis has introduced a vaccine additive that is designed to enhance immune response to various viruses.

An examination of the charts of 244 children evaluated for physical abuse in an urban hospital showed that about one-fifth of the patients had 1 or more screening tests for occult abdominal trauma.

The United States is to conduct new research into the potential health effects of the plastics chemical bisphenol A (BPA), which had been used in baby bottles and other food and beverage containers, according to health officials

Nurture, Inc, prompted by the FDA, has alerted healthcare providers to a voluntary recall of specific varieties and date codes of Happytot Stage 4 and Happybaby Stage 1 and Stage 2 pouch meals with expiration dates between November 2010 and January 2011.

The entire series of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) may be highly effective in responding to severe rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE).

A mother seeks an evaluation of her 20-month-old son, who has grown slowly and has had leathery dry skin since birth. He also has had multiple skin infections and chronic conjunctivitis, and he has delayed language development.