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Wormian bones (anterior fontanellar bones) are extra islands of bone within the calvarial sutures of the skull.

Finally, help exists for making electronic health records (EHRs) in pediatric practice more useful and user friendly. Find out what tips you may want to incorporate into your practice. More >>

Is it possible that a synthetic compound known as serum di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is contributing to the obesity epidemic among our nation’s children? Find out what the results of 1 study say. More >>

A Hill-Sachs deformity is a compression injury to the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head created by the glenoid rim during dislocation.

More than a third of children taking dietary supplements failed to meet intake recommendations for calcium and vitamin D, a new study reports. Supplementation also raised the likelihood of excess intake of other micronutrients. Which nutrients were above recommended dietary levels? More >>

Of all the neonatal morbidities that commonly plague moderately preterm-born babies, only hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk of developmental delays by the time the children reach preschool. What glucose value increases the risk of developmental delay? More >>

Although it is widely held that uncircumcised boys are at increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs) compared with circumcised boys, researchers from Canada set out to determine whether that increased risk varies with the degree of phimosis. Here’s what they discovered. More >>

Siblings of abused children, especially twins, are at high risk for physical abuse that may not be detected on physical examination, according to a new report. The findings support routine skeletal surveys for contacts of injured, abused children who are younger than 24 months, regardless of physical examination findings. More >>

Acne responds to a variety of topical and systemic treatments, including include oral contraceptives, spironolactone, oral zinc, and retinoids. Details here.

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Just 4 years after the licensing of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, researchers found a substantial decrease in vaccine-type HPV prevalence and evidence of herd immunity among at-risk minority, low-income young women. This discovery could lead to a reduction in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and, ultimately, cervical cancer in the community. More >>

Physical punishment such as spanking is associated with a range of mental and personality disorders in adulthood, researchers have found. The findings point to the importance of more positive parenting approaches that will ensure children’s future mental health. More >>

There may be a good medical reason for parents to get a dog or cat as a pet. It appears that children exposed to a dog or cat in their homes during the first year of life are healthier than those without a furry family member. More >>

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is widely considered the primary cause of visual impairment in extremely premature children. Now Danish researchers report that cerebral damage may be the strongest risk factor. This finding could affect how children with cerebral damage are managed. More >>

Infants and toddlers with food allergies suffer a high rate of allergic reactions because of lack of vigilance on the part of caregivers, researchers report. What kinds of exposures caused the most problems? More >>

Type 2 Diabetes : Diagnostic, treatment challenges Dyslipidemia : New NHLBI guidelines Adolescent anxiety disorders : Effective therapy, medication options Dermcase : Newborn with persistent rash on foot Puzzler : Vomiting and failure to thrive in breastfeed infant In type 2 diabetes, the ability of insulin protein (left) to interact properly with glucose molecules (right) is compromised.

The anxious first-time parents of a 10-day-old girl bring the baby to your office for urgent evaluation of a rash on the bottom of her right foot that has persisted despite treatment with topical antibiotics and antifungals.

Investigators compared the efficacy of 3 treatment regimens in 699 youngsters aged from 10 to 17 years with type 2 diabetes: metformin monotherapy (1,000 mg twice daily), metformin plus rosiglitazone (4 mg twice daily), or metformin plus a lifestyle-intervention program focused on weight loss through family-based changes in eating and activitiy behaviors.

To describe the typical longitudinal developmental trajectories of social and communication functioning and repetitive behavior in children with autism, investigators analyzed data from birth records and a database of the California Department of Developmental Services that recorded symptom severity and functioning in nearly 7,000 children aged from 2 to 14 years with autism.

A new study shows that infant weight gain may be associated with the way the milk is consumed, not only with the type of milk.

The US FDA has approved a combination vaccine for preventing invasive diseases caused by Hib and Neisseria meningitis serogroups C and Y in children aged 6 weeks to 18 months.

A baby presented to you at 8 months has episodes of vomiting and has experienced rapid deceleration of weight velocity since 4 months.

Type 2 diabetes in children was unheard of a generation ago. Even though very rare event today, the obesity epidemic is placing kids at risk.

On May 30, 2012, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg caused an early summer commotion when he suggested that New York ban sodas and other sugary drinks in containers of more than 16 ounces sold in outlets other than grocery and convenience stores. Mayor Bloomberg was lampooned as acting more like a nanny than a mayor.

Elevated blood lipids in childhood are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults. New guidelines for universal lipid screening and treatment of dyslipidemia in children will help clinicians to identify these patients and establish treatment goals that will reduce overall cardiovascular risk factors later in life.

Once you have identified that your adolescent patient has an anxiety disorder, it's time to assess the depth of the problem to discover the best treatment.

Children with autism spectrum disorder need greater access to the coordinated care available through a medical home, according to a systematic review of 13 studies that examined health care use, health care expenditures, and access to services by children with ASD.

Significant numbers of infants who survive meningitis caused by group B Streptococcus (GBS) suffer long-term adverse outcomes such as developmental delay, academic underachievement, neurologic impairment, blindness, hearing loss, and cerebral palsy, a new study reports. More >>

Exposure to antimicrobial agents commonly used in personal-care products may increase children’s risk of food and environmental allergies, a study of a large, nationally representative sample suggests. More >>