Case Studies

A healthy 17-year-old girl with inflammatory acne had failed to respond to topical tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, and oral minocycline. What's the diagnosis?

Alex, an 18-year-old male, presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of paranoia, agitation, and disorganized behavior. He had no psychiatric history or prior mental health contact and no known medical conditions.

You are asked to evaluate an African American boy aged 4 years with a birthmark on his back and right arm. He is healthy with normal growth and development. What's the diagnosis?

You are asked to evaluate a healthy 1.5-day-old girl who has a congenital red patch with coarse telangiectasias and a surrounding ring of pallor on the right shoulder. What's your diagnosis?

A study featured at CHEST 2022 investigated INCS in children with OSAS to determine if the therapy improved their symptoms, polysomnography findings, behavior, and quality of life.

This case study analyzes variants of majocchi granuloma and potential treatment.

A 29-year-old White woman presented to the labor and delivery unit due to preterm premature rupture of membranes and delivered twins. The twins were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit following delivery.

A 9-year-old boy with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department with 2 days of painless blurry vision. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 14-year old boy was evaluated for an intensely pruritic shin rash that developed 2 weeks prior and had been treated with oral antibiotics for 10 days.

A retrospective study found that postmenarchal women with a renal anomaly were also at risk of having a Müllerian anomaly.

A 5-year-old nonverbal boy with autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay presented to the emergency department with bilateral lower-extremity bruising and progressive difficulty ambulating. What's the diagnosis?

An 18-day-old girl whose right cheek had become increasingly red and warm over 24 hours was directly admitted to an inpatient unit. She had firmness and pain to the affected area, fussiness, increased sleeping, and poor feeding, preferring the bottle to breastfeeding. What's the diagnosis?

A 26-month-old boy presents for mild altered mental status and balance issues following a fall the day before. There was no loss of consciousness or vomiting but he subsequently complained of left-sided head pain. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 4-year-old boy presents with painful deep-seated bumps on the front of his right leg. He also complains of a sore throat for the last 4 days. What's the diagnosis?

A 5-month-old girl with a large scalp infantile hemangioma (IH), present since 6 weeks of age, is evaluated in the emergency department for lethargy and pallor.

A healthy 14-year-old boy presented at our dermatology practice with acute onset of an intensely itchy rash that first appeared 2 months prior.

An 18-month-old girl presents with ringed scars with hyperpigmentation on the right side of her buttocks and back. What's the diagnosis?

A 2-year-old girl presents with an itchy, bilateral leg rash. Additionally, the child had several bruises that felt like "hard welts" and were warm to the touch. What's the diagnosis?

A 17-year-old girl presents with a 2-year history of unilateral swelling of the left lower extremity as well as a poorly healed ankle sprain of the affected extremity 3 years prior that slowly resolved but left persistent swelling. What's the diagnosis?

A neurodevelopmentally impaired 6-year-old girl is referred for examination of asymptomatic skin lesions on the right forearm due to concern for possible child abuse. What's the diagnosis?

A female aged 13 years with morbid obesity and recent hospitalization for pyelonephritis presents with abdominal pain, tachycardia, and shortness of breath. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 9-day-old girl presents with erosions near her eyes, nose, and skin creases on the arm as well as a positive Nikolsky sign. What's the diagnosis?

A previously healthy 16-year-old female patient presents with intermittent pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. The night before her symptoms started, she hit her chest on a door after a "fainting" episode.

In a newborn nursery, a newborn boy shows signs of irritability, high tone, and tremors on day of life 1. His mother’s past medical history is significant for preeclampsia, previous opiate and cocaine abuse, and current tobacco use and she was incarcerated during the pregnancy. What's the diagnosis?

A 17-year-old boy presents with linear brown spots on his abdomen and chest that developed when he was on a beach vacation with his family the week prior. What's the diagnosis?

A 2-year-old girl with a 36-hour history of left shoulder redness and pain. She developed a fever 24 hours prior to presentation. She was stung by a hornet on multiple areas of her left upper extremity 10 days earlier. What’s the diagnosis?

A 3-week old girl comes to an emergency room with vesicular eruptions and recent mild nasal congestion and fussiness. What’s the diagnosis?

An otherwise healthy 6-month-old boy has a 1-cm area of recurrent blistering with surrounding erythema on his right cheek that developed shortly after birth.

A 6-year-old boy presented to his pediatrician with clear drainage from his left eye for 1 to 2 days. He denied itchiness, pain, vision changes, nasal congestion, or history of allergies. What's the diagnosis?

An adolescent boy developed an asymptomatic brown plaque on the back of his leg. He recently noted the growth of coarse hairs within the lesion.